Urology · Kidney Stones
Kidney Stones
Diagnosis, risk stratification and minimally invasive treatment of renal and ureteral stones. Endoscopic techniques tailored to stone characteristics and patient anatomy.
Condition Renal and ureteral calculi
Techniques RIRS · mini-PCNL
Hospital stay Day surgery / 24h
Anaesthesia General or spinal
Follow-up Ultrasound + X-ray at 1 month
What are kidney stones?
Renal and ureteral calculi
Treatment options
I.
RIRS
RIRS
Flexible endoscopic technique reaching the kidney through the natural urinary tract. Laser stone fragmentation with no skin incision. Day surgery, recovery in 2–3 days.
- No skin incision
- Day surgery or 24h
- Return to activity in 2–3 days
Indicato per: Stones < 2 cm
II.
mini-PCNL
mini-PCNL
Small-calibre percutaneous access to the kidney for direct removal of large or staghorn stones. Maximum efficiency in a single access.
- Stone-free rate > 90%
- Effective for stones > 2 cm
- Hospital stay: 1–2 nights
Indicato per: Stones > 2 cm or multiple
Clinical pathway
-
01
First visit
Medical history, ultrasound, CT/X-ray stone evaluation. Treatment plan.
-
02
Pre-operative work-up
Blood count, coagulation, urine culture. Anaesthesiology review.
-
03
Procedure
Day surgery or short admission. Duration 45–90 min depending on technique.
-
04
Discharge
Written instructions, medication, dietary and hydration guidance.
-
05
Follow-up
Ultrasound + X-ray at 30 days. Stone analysis to prevent recurrence.
Frequently asked questions
Can a small kidney stone pass on its own?
Stones < 4 mm pass spontaneously in 90% of cases within 4 weeks. Those between 4–6 mm in 50–60%. Above 6 mm, spontaneous passage is unlikely and treatment is generally indicated.
Is kidney stone surgery painful? What to expect afterwards?
Minimally invasive techniques are performed under anaesthesia. On waking, mild urethral discomfort for 24–48 hours is common. Most patients resume activities in 2–3 days.
Do kidney stones tend to recur?
The recurrence risk is 50% at 5 years without preventive measures. Stone composition analysis is essential. Diet and hydration are the cornerstones of prevention.
Can I travel with a diagnosed kidney stone?
With small asymptomatic stones, travel is generally possible after assessment. With stones > 1 cm, obstruction or recent infection, it is preferable to treat first.